These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Ireland: geography and landscape. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. Holland is a nation of cyclists. This description is simplified. 1. Veuillez activer JavaScript. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. 2. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? The nation of Germany was divided in two. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Updates? A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. When it . The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Only Oceania has less landmass. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. 5. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. : Dublin population: 5,068,050 MONEY: formations such as Mount Etna and Mount in. 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